The quantification of total and effective porosities in travertines
Abstract. The porosity of travertine controls its strength characters and durability. In this study, seven travertine samples were collected from mines in Iran. The …
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How is Travertine formed?
09.03.23. Travertine is a type of limestone formed by the evaporation of mineral-rich river, lake and spring water when it changes temperature or acidity. It is often deposited by acidic hot springs or in cooler waters of …
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Modeling and optimization of the flocculation process of
One of the major problems in the stone processing industry is the creation of wastewater with a high degree of residual turbidity and the use of high water volume. Therefore, the treatment of waste water and its reuse is very important in terms of economic and environmental considerations. In the present study, the flocculation performance of …
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Chemical variability of artificial stone powders in …
Artificial stone (AS) is a composite material realised assembling powders, and occasionally fragments, of natural stones with …
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Cleaning and maintaining natural stone | Kärcher International
Use (soft) white brushes to rinse the area with clean water in order to pick up any dust produced during crystallisation. The area performance for this process is between 100 m²/h and 350 m²/h, depending on the scrubber drier's working width, making this crystallisation method very efficient and cost-effective.
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How to Use Travertine Filler Kits on Your Stone Floors
3 Apply a Hardener. Consider the reality that you will likely have to mix a bit of hardener with the travertine filler. This is a normal additional step that is necessary for most travertine filler products. Follow the directions in regard to the type of hardener that you have selected to apply to the travertine filler. 4.
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A Complete Guide to Travertine Tiles
The red coloured stone is a result of the iron carbonate content within the travertine. Pure travertine usually forms from calcium carbonate which is a white colour. The iron carbonate, however, has a red colour and this appears in the travertine stone. Red travertine is often highly polished in order to accentuate this bright red shade.
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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering …
materials. Marble waste sludge used was gotten from marble processing industries, in sludge form and dried for 72 hours to produce fine powder. Potable water was gotten from the school water supply system according [16]. 2.2 Concrete Proportions A concrete mix ratio of 1:2:4 was used and was achieved during the experiment through the Weight …
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Travertine : Properties, Formation, Uses, Localities
Travertine is a type of sedimentary rock that is formed by the precipitation of carbonate minerals from groundwater. It is often found in and around hot springs, caves, and limestone deposits. The primary mineral that makes up travertine is calcite, and the rock has a distinctive appearance characterized by its porous nature and a variety of earthy …
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Re-Crystallization vs. Standard Marble Polishing
Most marble restoration companies use oxalic acid to polish marble and natural stone. They should be using the 5x powder. The combination of oxalic acid powders, Crystallizers and not sanding the stone properly (aka short cut process) can create orange peel/burnt pores. So. Crystallizers are not bad for the stone.
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Limestone Quarrying and Processing: A Life-Cycle Inventory
Nevertheless, the process is relatively simple: locate or create (minimal) breaks in the stone, remove the stone using heavy machinery, secure the stone on a vehicle for transport, and move the material to storage. A flow diagram of typical quarrying operations is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Process flow diagram for limestone quarrying operations.
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Investigation of the Effective Parameters of Travertine Stones …
Abstract This article examines the optimal components and conditions of bio-grouting (microbial precipitation of calcium carbonate) as a new healing technique for travertine stones. Laboratory tests (determining the calcium carbonate content, porosity, and P-wave velocity ratio) were designed and performed based on the response surface …
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The mechanical strength of the artificial stones, containing the
The present study investigates the development of artificial stones containing travertine powder, fine sand, and travertine sludge. The stone powder and sludge were considered as waste. The main target of this study is to reuse and recycle the travertine …
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Wastes production in dimension stones industry: resources
In another study, Yurdakul in 2020 studied 19 dimension stone processing plants in Turkey. In this study, the amount of monthly waste produced in the dimension stone processing phase, types of production wastes, and their production stage were examined (Yurdakul 2020). In all of these methods, one can see a high level of focus on …
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(PDF) CONSOLIDATION OF MARBLE AND TRAVERTINE …
PDF | Protection of cultural objects of marble, travertine and other stone types is an ongoing concern in the international scale, due to the great... | Find, read and cite all the research you ...
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Marble Etch Remover and Polishing Powder
Say goodbye to cumbersome methods and say hello to a simpler way of restoring your marble's natural beauty! Specifically created for spot polishing, -11® Touch Up is your go-to solution for effortlessly removing those bothersome "water stains" or annoying "rings" from any polished marble, travertine, or calcite-based stone.
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travertine stone powder processing methods
2017 Guide to Keep Travertine New and Safe - sefastone. Nov 30, 2017· Poultice can be used for removal of majority of stain types. Given below is the detail method of how to use poultice for removing stains off travertine: Prepping of the Stone: Before applying the poultice powder, strip the travertine from any sealer, wax or other coating layer using a …
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How To Polish Travertine Floors? 6 Simple Steps
Step 2: Steam Clean Your Travertine Floor. Step 3: Fill In Any Cracks, Chips, Or Holes. Step 4: Tape Plastic Sheeting Along The Edges. Step 5: Polishing Your Travertine Floor. Step 6: Clean Up And …
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A schematic illustration of travertine processing plant
The most of the researches on the removal of fines in natural stone processing plant wastewaters have been done on the effluents of processing plants which only contain marble or travertine fines ...
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How to Polish Marble
STEP 3: Buff out etching with a polishing powder. ... Continue to buff the marble until the sealer is completely soaked into the stone, and the marble feels dry. If the surface has a tacky or ...
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TraverTine Cleaning and MainTenanCe
Honed-finish travertine stone is commonly found in high traffic areas such as floors, thresholds, and treads, whereas polished-finish stone is found on counter tops, walls, tables, and furniture. Interior stone can generally be cleaned by dry dust mopping to remove dirt and debris. To wash your interior stone, use a neutral (PH 7) and clean water.
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Cleaning Travertine Do's & Don'ts | How To Clean Travertine
Travertine flooring has a much lower risk of etching so long as you use the proper cleaner. Best use of travertine is for powder bathroom vanity tops, table tops, tub surrounds, showers, floor tile and stone fireplace surrounds. Travertine can stain as well. But note that etching is different from staining.
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Crystallization vs. Oxalic Acid Polishing
Crystallization (also known as re-crystallization or vitrification) is a method of creating a gloss on calcium bearing stone floors such as marble, limestone, and travertine. Crystallization has been in use since the 1960's with varying levels of success and is still a controversial topic among stone care professionals.
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Investigating the impact of travertine powder on strength and
These methods include soil stabilization techniques such as chemical stabilization using lime or cement, mechanical stabilization through the use of stone …
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Sustainability evaluation of the artificial stone …
Finding alternative stone, like artificial stone, instead of travertine stone, a raw material, can prepare the building industry's requirements and improve environmental issues. Previous studies …
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Removing Stains from Travertine
Mix baby powder with hydrogen peroxide to form a thick paste. Spread the paste onto the stain, keeping it about inch thick. Place plastic wrap over the whole thing and put masking tape around the edges. Remove this after 24 hours. Leave it alone until the poultice has dried completely.
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Frontiers | Investigation of the usability of industrial mining wastes
In this study, the usability of the mixtures consisting of lignite coal taken from Tekirdag region and marble and travertine wastes taken from the marble factory in Gumushane region in local bean (Kelkit) cultivation was researched. First, control samples were created using only humus soil without coal, marble, or travertine dust. Then, for …
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(PDF) Application of biopolymer in turbidity removal and sludge
It is a simple, efficient, and cost-effective method for natural stone processing wastewater treatment where inorganic salts of multivalent metals are mainly used as coagulants. ... Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) of travertine fines in wastewater This implies that not only an inferior settling rate but also increased showed that they were ...
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Sustainability evaluation of the artificial stone prepared
Finding alternative stone, like artificial stone, instead of travertine stone, a raw material, can prepare the building industry's requirements and improve environmental issues. Previous studies evaluated travertine stone's mechanical and durability performances, the filled travertine stone with epoxy resin, and ten mixed proportions of …
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Comparison of Artificial Stone Made from Sludge Stone with Travertine
Regarding resin-based artificial stone, the major alternative material is the direct waste generated during stone processing, especially marble waste [1,[6][7][8], waste stone sludge [9][10] [11 ...
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